Organizational Responsibility and Ethics Paper Essay

Authoritative Responsibility and Ethics Paper - Essay Example This could occur because of numerous reasons like, absence of vision, trouble among the various offices associated with human services, or because of the absence of truthfulness and trustworthiness inside such offices. The medicinal services framework in the United States is the same as in it is unified with numerous oddities. The nation is an innovator in the improvement of clinical exploration and has a national social insurance strategy on which government spending is the most elevated on the planet. In any case, the medicinal services framework is viewed as very wasteful on account of discontinuity, absence of consistency, and the presence of countless individuals who are not secured by health care coverage. The framework is likewise overburdened because of a maturing populace and absence of qualified faculty. Any association, regardless of whether it is shaped with the end goal of social consideration or for benefit has a duty towards the general public and people wherein it wor ks. This is valid for a medicinal services framework too. This paper is an endeavor to contemplate the idea of hierarchical obligation gives that exists inside the social insurance framework in the United States. Simultaneously, it will investigate issues like the maturing populace of the nation, the unfortunate propensities for its residents, nonattendance of medical coverage, expanding number of illicit settlers and the moral predicaments that may exist in the overstretched wellbeing framework. As referenced before, the medicinal services framework in the nation is loaded with Catch 22s and logical inconsistencies. â€Å"At one extraordinary are the individuals who contend that Americans have the â€Å"best human services framework in the world†, highlighting the uninhibitedly accessible clinical innovation and best in class offices that have gotten so profoundly representative of the system.† (Chua, 2006, p.1). At the other outrageous, the framework is blamed for enormous absence of medical coverage, fracture, contrast in wellbeing strategies of individual states, misuse of assets,

Martin Luther On the Freedom of a Christian Man (Response Paper) Essay

Martin Luther On the Freedom of a Christian Man (Response Paper) - Essay Example is period, Reformation advanced as a development which seriously reprimanded and requested change of the Catholic lifestyle, as at first communicated in the crusades of Martin Luther.[1] To address this issue, Luther tested the Catholic comprehension of avocation and salvation by confidence by looking at the Catch 22. Through his undertaking in On the Freedom of a Christian, he suggested that â€Å"A Christian man is the most free master of all† yet â€Å"a Christian man is the most obedient hireling of all† trying to differentiate what is deep down restoring to that which is apparently dying. When debasement and nepotism inside the Catholic arrangement of papacy got presented to the open [2], individuals who had since quite a while ago endured the inflexible structure of love alongside destitution and social imbalance started to see the emergency in Catholicism and how they had been which identifies with salvation and discover that strict issues are superfluous to otherworldly advance without confidence and affirmation of God’s word for â€Å"Man will not live by bread alone, yet by each word that returns out of the mouth of God† (Matt. 4:4). In the long run, they asked in reflection whether a man is legitimized by obvious endeavors that develop him outwardly or by undetectable confidence which assembles him up within. Is it true that they were sure about what they thought from the beginning †that men achieve salvation by acts of kindness? Or on the other hand should salvation be accomplished in the light of confidence which depends not on physical efforts however on God’s Word which supports the soul? On the off chance that the Catholic precept genuinely works with viability as educated by the appointed individuals from the congregation, for what reason did it give the idea that most devotees stayed unrelieved of disarray and languishi ng? So as to set up a strong contention in dissent of the religious perspectives against which such questions were raised, Luther made ‘faith’ integral to his talk of On the Freedom of a Christian where he portrayed confidence as â€Å"a living wellspring, jumping up

Organizational Citizenship Behavior Essay

Human Resource Management (HRM) is characterized as the authoritative capacity that centers around selecting, the board, and the coordinating of the representatives that work in the association. It additionally manages remuneration, execution the executives, association improvement, security, health, benefits, worker inspiration, correspondence, organization, and preparing. Despite the fact that the HR capacities advanced, a few things never show signs of change. Since most organizations will consistently require the customary HR capacities, for example, recruiting and terminating representatives, giving compensation and arrangement for assistance, preparing and building up the workforce, and managing boss †worker clashes. Hierarchical citizenship conduct (OCB) is an idea characterized as the arrangement of extra exercises that are gainful to an association and its workers. These exercises are not required in a proper manner; that is, they are not expressed in an agreement nor required by the organization. OCB is ordinarily a conduct of representatives towards their organization and the other way around. Obviously the organization’s HRM assumes an essential job in executing OCB through making an entrenched connection between the association and the workers. Rousseau and Geller contended that this relationship’s status is basic in the measure of OCB created by workers where the organization must convey initial a couple of prerequisites. (refered to in Morrison, 1996). Schuller states that each company’s HRM has a lot of standards and qualities that are coordinated in its general way of thinking, which incorporates an aware treatment of its representatives (refered to in Morrison, 1996). As per Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison, and Sowa, how compelling is an association in applying that way of thinking is connected towards how much the representatives feel acknowledged in their work place and subsequently identified with the measure of OCB showed (refered to in Morrison, 1996). OCB is available in all organizations and can be viewed as a cycle. Indeed, the HR division empowers OCB through a few activities, which make ready to making a sound hierarchical culture where the organization ensures its representatives who are given to their organization. This report will examine OCB in Middle East Airlines (MEA) by investigating the worker †organization relationship and the organization †representative relationship. Writing Review on Organization Citizenship Behavior How Companies Encourage OCB In request for representatives to chip away at accomplishing OCB, the human asset the board needs to take a shot at certain issues to help urge every person to take an interest in building up the organization. The administration must guarantee that few things ought to be all around done: Social Exchange, ldentification with Organizational Objectives, Empowerment, Selection and Socialization, Evaluation and Rewards, Rules and Job Descriptions. In an association, Blau distinguished two kinds of connections that tie the administration and the workers together: the financial relationship and the social relationship (refered to in Morrison, 1996). Konovsky and Pugh’ examination expresses that it is almost certain for workers to perform OCB under great social conditions than monetary (refered to in Morrison, 1996). Organ guarantees that this reality is because of a few reasons: First, social connections permit workers to have sentiments of common trust with the association and they will manufacture long haul associations with the administration. This will urge workers to help upgrade the picture of their organization by rehearsing OCB. Second, the social relationship is one that is vaguely characterized, that is it doesn't have clear limits; accordingly representatives will almost certain incorporate certain citizenship demonstrations in their activity undertakings (refered to in Morrison, 1996). The ID of the workers with the hierarchical goals is essential for accomplishing OCB. That is on the grounds that every individual will receive and acquaint with the qualities and standards of the organization, and consequently become a piece of its framework, which will give a sentiment of having a place and a consolation for being a piece of the advancement of the organization. For representatives to accomplish OCB, Conger and Kanungo accept that they should be first ready to do as such, and that is by being supported and engaged (refered to in Morrison, 1996). Bowen and Lawler guarantee that numerous advantages are produced because of strengthening. In the first place, it will abbreviate the hour of reaction of workers to serve their clients. Second, the connection between the representatives and the clients will be increasingly energetic and kind. Third, it will permit the workers to be increasingly imaginative and produce thoughts to serve the organization (refered to in Morrison, 1996). Choice is the primary period of the passageway of a worker into an organization. During this stage, Shore and Tetrick guarantee that every individual gets mindful of the activity obligations in his field. Additionally, it is through this phase the organization shows to the worker the duties that the organization has towards him too, for example, security, progress and preparing; consequently it distinguishes a two-way relationship. This will prompt a sentiment of regard and enthusiasm from the other party, which will prompt representatives accomplishing OCB (refered to in Morrison, 1996). Determination is additionally significant in what is alluded to by Chatman as individual association fit: by finding out about the organization’s targets, the representative becomes mindful that the person in question will be picked not exclusively for their activity capability, however for their similarity with the workplace also (refered to in Morrison, 1996). Socialization as characterized by Van Maanen and Schein is the point at which the organization readies the new representatives with the arrangement of information, approaches, and practices that they ought to apply so as to fit into their jobs (refered to in Morrison, 1996). Like choice, socialization is tied in with demonstrating the new worker that the relationship with the association depends on social trade. This can be explained through such procedures as direction that holds inside it more incentive than it appears. Chatman claims that socialization additionally acquaints the workers with the company’s targets and qualities also that it has a fundamental influence in the strengthening procedure. (refered to in Morrison, 1996). There are two limits expressed by Jones in applying socialization. The first is an exceptionally systematized one where the new representatives are isolated and offered a typical learning program. The subsequent end is exceptionally individualized, where workers are left all alone to participate in casual associations with their kindred representatives and to make them learn encounters. There is anyway one hindrance to socialization: when the targets are obviously characterized for workers, they will in general perform exclusively what they were required to (refered to in Morrison, 1996). Along these lines, an organization that looks for representative OCB will in general have an increasingly individualized socialization. OCB by definition incorporates the arrangement of activities performed by representatives that are not asked by the executives, along these lines it isn't legitimately compensated. Hence, to energize workers into applying this conduct, O’Reilly and Chatman accept that the organization should utilize circuitous implies that will urge them to do as such. That should be possible by giving an award to the organization’s execution overall. This will be useful in two different ways: first, it will additionally acquaint the workers with the company’s destinations and along these lines they will in general act more after accomplishing those objectives through citizenship conduct. Second, by giving an honor for the whole company’s execution, the association will in a roundabout way advise the workers that their activity goes past what is obviously determined and constrained into a specific job or division (refered to in Morrison, 1996). As per Bowen, Siehl, and Schneider, when the organization forces a high number of rules and guideline, it is restricting and demoralizing the employees’ capacity to perform assignments outside their field of work, accordingly constraining the OCB that can be accomplished in that association. A high number of rules will plainly characterize the restrictions of the financial trade connection between the workers and their organization which will lessen their will to accomplish OCB by deciding precisely what the representatives are approached to do and not to do and keeping them from taking part in whatever other activity that is in a roundabout way compensated regardless of whether it benefits the organization all in all. Henceforth, with the end goal for workers to need to perform citizenship conduct, the organization must diminish its standards and in this way make a social trade relationship (refered to in Morrison, 1996). Like standards and guidelines, if an organization depicts the employees’ work in an exact and thin issue, it will diminish as per Bowen and Lawler the citizenship conduct applied by its subordinates. Representatives will at that point have incredibly very much characterized undertakings to perform with no respect to some other far reaching activities. That way the trade connection among worker and friends will bound to be financial, also that it lessens strengthening by constraining the assets required by representatives, for example, information and aptitudes to making a move towards OCB (refered to in Morrison, 1996). How Employees Exercise OCB: To accomplish hierarchical citizenship conduct, representatives must practice various methods. To begin with, as Organ characterizes it, helping conduct is basic and clear in making between worker connections. Such conduct can be noted in the least complex acts, for example, when a representative helps his associate when the last is overstrained with his administrative work or some other errand being finished. Second, as per Organ also, sportsmanship, another element of OCB, is the capacity to acknowledge analysis and deplorable occasions in the organization without grumblings, verbal or composed. Consider a gathering for an advertising thought where workers are conceptualizing. At the point when the gathering rejects someone’s thought and the last acknowledges that without being annoyed, he/she I

The Fine Art of Seppuku Essay Example For Students

The Fine Art of Seppuku Essay Speedup is 3 adapted and exacting radicalized practice Of self destruction and has been a type Of self destruction for a considerable length of time. It has additionally been a famous topic in Japans writing and theater for a considerable length of time (Ottomans Fuse). Speedup is an amazing privilege; the respect was held for just the samurai, even in WI Japanese fighters submitted speedup. Speedup is a profoundly confused custom and is paid attention to very; there are many convoluted strides in finishing this custom and fascinating thought processes and purposes behind it. The primary activity is to enroll a partner, a skunking, Contrary to what is figured, practically all types of speedup don't in fact include self destruction, yet simply incurring lethal injury upon oneself (John Brave). The skunking was the person who did the genuine Mingling. The chaperon was typically the person who delegated his own skunking, in all likelihood a dear companion. The member dresses in all whit e to communicate virtue, the member at that point sits in the hold onto position (legs drawn up under the body with the goal that one is really sitting on on?s heels) (John Brave). A worker goes into the room and places a little wooden table before the up-and-comer. The table contains a purpose cup, a pile of wash with composing utensils and a gutting edge. Fifth orderly was considered to detestable he was given a fan. Despite the fact that the essential weapon of the samurai was the Satan (Swords). The purpose cup is filled from the left, by a chaperon utilizing his left hand. The individual submitting speedup at that point purges it in two beverages of two tastes every, one taste indicated avarice, while at least three demonstrated faltering (John Brave). The contender at that point composed a sonnet Of death, the sonnet ought to be smooth, normal, and about feelings. By no means was the applicant expected to specify the way that he was going to bite the dust. Now, the individual sneaks out Of his external white piece of clothing and tucks the sleeves under his knees to forestall him room accomplishing something undignified like drooping to the other side (John Brave). The competitor at that point gets little wooden table and places it under his rear end, making him lean forward in the best possible height. Presently the speedup competitor should take a short knife and cut his mid-region by cutting it from the left lower some portion of his chest area a correct way (Dieter Wander). In the event that the individual was requested to utilize a fan in replacement for a cutting edge, he would get a vertical cut from his shacking. This when the shakinesss work was exceptionally indispensable, he shacking was to look out on the chaperon and strike his head off it he saw a sign to agony or wavering. Speedup is an extremely muddled custom, however all the terms must be followed. The reasons with respect to why the samurai took an interest in such a grim custom differ. Prom keeping up respect on the front line to showing demonstrations of wrong character. The most well-known explanation avgas with the goal that the washout on the war zone got an opportunity to keep his respect _ The rarest of all speedup exhibitions was the point at which a samurai would show a definitive reliability towards ones expired ruler or spouse Dieter Wander). The speedup custom came up during the time Of the common wars in the fifteenth and sixteenth century (Dieter Wander). It was seen as an identification Of fortitude just as a respect saved uniquely for the samurai (Ottomans Fuse). The samurai were hired soldiers that were recruited to serve fighting for a master. The samurai were paid in rice and grain; the samurai are enthusiastic about keeping up respect and doing all that they can to satisfy their rulers. For the samurai, a definitive articulation of individual respect was to bite the dust willfully, by ones own hand (Traditional Japan). That sort of close to home respect was increased through the custom of speedup. .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b , .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .postImageUrl , .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b , .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:hover , .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:visited , .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:active { border:0!important; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:active , .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u de6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Is Psychology a Science? EssayAnother normal explanation behind submitting speedup was to show ones conflict with the master. Speedup is seen as a noteworthy discipline; some other everyday person would have been executed. It genuinely is astounding how speedup kept going so long, it is viewed as one of the most grisly ceremonies ever to be seen. The French caught some Japanese fighters and contradicted to giving up, the Japanese officers mentioned that the French permit them to submit speedup, The French found the exhibition so loathsome to politeness they made their detainees stop (Jeffrey Hap). Japanese history is loaded with instances of speedup, speedup was considered as an effortlessness. With the last unification and assuaging of Japan under Takeaway rope, 1543-1616, and the foundation of the Takeaway Shogun, speedup was not, at this point authoritatively bolstered (Dieter Wander), at the same time, the training despite everything kept on existing by and by. The most recent realized case is from 1970, when Yukon Misaims, ended it all in a speedup way. This demonstration caused Worldwide consideration in western media (Dieter Wander). Luckily, there have been no ongoing reports of speedup in the Asian nations. Speedup was around for quite a long time, yet it is as yet obscure to the vast majority. This radicalized exhibition indicated the measure Of commitment the samurai had to their master and the boundless endeavor they needed to recover their respect and addition a conscious passing. Speedup is a perplexing practice and exceptionally exact. The Japanese merit a plenitude of regard for keeping with this exhibition for such a large number of hundreds of years. This custom keeps on being a famous interest in Japanese theater and culture and will remain that route for a considerable length of time to come.

Do These 3 Things to Maintain Your Sanity and Write an Awesome Essay

Do These 3 Things to Maintain Your Sanity and Write an Awesome Essay Do These 3 Things to Maintain Your Sanity and Write an Awesome Essay Do These 3 Things to Maintain Your Sanity and Write an Awesome Essay Regardless of when you decide to write, whether it is three months or three days before the deadline, it can be easy to fall ill to college essay fever. Fortunately, we have helpful tips to share for maintaining your sanity! They may seem basic, but they can be easy to forget. Hydrate. Don’t underestimate the importance of H2O. Lack of proper hydration is often cited as the cause of midday fatigue and can lead to a decrease in alertness and concentration. Pour yourself a glass of the finest water you can find. Eat. Hanger is real. Whether you get cranky or fade when your lunch wears off, its important to keep snacks around to ensure your mind is awake. Try healthy fats like avocados and coconuts to keep your synapses firing at full speed without encountering a sugar crash. Move. Get a little old school. Go outside and feel the sun on your face while you stretch your legs. Maybe do push ups in between paragraphs. Afternoon yoga might stretch both your abs and your mind. Moving might welcome accidental idea time. When you clear your head, good ideas that were just under the surface before finally have the space to emerge. Dont believe us? Watch this TED talk! About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ » Want a professional proofread? We're here to help. CONTACT US »

Chi-Square, Correlation, and Regression - 1925 Words

Chi-Square, Correlation, and Regression (Statistics Project Sample) Content: Lab 2: ANOVA, Chi-Square, Correlation, and RegressionFirst Last NameName of InstitutionLab 2: ANOVA, Chi-Square, Correlation, and RegressionQuestion 1 (a)Categorical =30 (n %) 31-40 (n %) 41- 50 (n %) 50 (n %) Gender 50 62 51.4 44.7 Exp Fatigue 50 62 51.4 44.7 Exp malaise 50 62 51.4 44.7 Continuous =30 (mean sd) 30-40(mean sd) 4-50(mean sd) 50(mean sd) Alk phosphate Mean = 112.5Sd = 56.49322 Mean = 88.9032Sd = 59.98216 Mean= 106.6667Sd = 41.92374 Mean= 114.5291Sd = 43.25137 Albumin Mean = 3.9313Sd = 0.50637 Mean = 3.971Sd = 0.40585 Mean =3.6333Sd = 0.78776 Mean = 3.6412Sd = 0.55384 Protime Mean = 66.5625Sd = 22.65867 Mean = 70.0Sd = 21.00741 Mean = 54.50Sd = 20.51132 Mean = 55.4706Sd = 22.17866 b) ALK Phosphate lab resultAlbumin lab resultc) H0: there is no significant departure from normality for each of the groups.H1: there is significant departure from normality for each of the groupsResultsALK Phosphate lab result sig. (p à ¢ 0.001) for all the age groups; .0 01, .000, .000, .000Conclusion;We reject the null hypothesis. (P à ¢ 0.001). Each of the levels is not normally distributed therefore not meeting the assumption of normality.ResultsAlbumin lab result; overall the sig. (p) is greater than ÃŽ; .017, .000, .139, .280ConclusionWe fail to reject the null hypothesis, (pÃŽ), hence the groups are normally distributed, meeting the assumption of normality.ResultsProtime lab result sig (pÃŽ) for all age groups .096, .007, .013, .028ConclusionWe retain the null hypothesis. The groups are normally distributed, meeting the assumption.d) H0: There is no difference among Alk Phosphate, Albumin and ProtimeH1: There is a difference among Alk Phosphate, Albumin and Protime.ResultsThe total mean of the three groups, Alk Phosphate, Albumin and Protime was 62.5632(s.d =21.944). The average for Alk Phosphate was the highest 107.75 (s.d = 50.8475) Albumin had the least mean of 4.1067 (s.d = 0.66482) and Protime had 66.5625 (s.d = 22.65867). The sig nificant results F (3,248) = 1.240, p =0.296, F (3,274) = 7.388, p = 0.0 and F (3, 170) = 6.149, p= 0.001 for Alk Phosphate, Albumin and Protime respectively. We can see that there is a significant difference in all the three groups as the value of F P in all the cases.ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. ALK Phosphate lab result Between Groups 9803.508 3 3267.836 1.240 .296 Within Groups 653467.810 248 2634.951 Total 663271.317 251 Albumin lab result Between Groups 8.767 3 2.922 7.388 .000 Within Groups 108.390 274 .396 Total 117.157 277 Protime lab result Between Groups 8155.576 3 2718.525 6.149 .001 Within Groups 75155.228 170 442.090 Total 83310.805 173 ConclusionSince the value of F P in all the cases we reject null hypothesis as there is a significant mean different across the groups. A post hoc test has to be performed to determine the differences.ii) ÃŽ= 0.05H0: there is no difference in the 3 groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s variance.H1: there is difference in the 3 groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s variance.Result ALK Phosphate lab result; sig. (p) =0.018.Conclusion We reject the null hypothesis pÃŽ, the assumption is not reasonable.Result: Albumin lab result; sig. (p) =0.054,Conclusion: we retain the null hypothesis pÃŽ. The assumption has been met.Result: Protime lab result; sig. (p) =0.921,Conclusion: we retain the null hypothesis pÃŽ. The assumption has been met.Test of Homogeneity of Variances Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. ALK Phosphate lab result 3.415 3 248 .018 Albumin lab result 2.579 3 274 .054 Protime lab result .163 3 170 .921 iii) Turkey HSD= (m1-m2)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (msw/n)ALK Phosphate lab result; msw=2634.951, n=252, k=4, dfw=248Q (0.05) =3.66, Q (0.01) =4.45. Judging by 5% confidence,=3031-40 = (107.75-97.7143)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (2634.951/252)=3.1036 not significantly different=3041-50 = (107.75-105.2333)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (2634.951/252)=0.7784 not significantly different=3050 = (107.75-114.1333)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (2634.951/252)=-1.9744 not significantly different31-4041-50= (97.7143-105.2333)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (2634.951/252)=-2.3257 not significantly different31-4050= (97.7143-114.1333)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (2634.951/252)=-5.0785 significantly different41-5050= (105.2333-114.1333)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (2634.951/252)=-2.7528 not significantly differentAlbumin lab result; msw=.396, n=278, k=4, dfw=274Q (0.05) =3.66, Q (0.01) =4.44=3031-40 = (4.1067-3.8565)/ à ¢Ã… ¡ (0.396/278)=6.6292 significantly different=3041-50 = (4.1067-3.6200)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (0.396/278)=12.8954 significantly different=3050 = (4.1067-3.6788)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (0.396/278)=11.3375 significantly different31-4041-50= (3.8565-3.6200)/ à ¢Ã… ¡ (0.396/278)=6.2662 significantly different31-4050= (3.8565-3.6788)/ à ¢Ã… ¡ (0.396/278)=4.7083 significantly different41-5050= (3.6200-3.6788)/ à ¢Ã… ¡ (0.396/278)=-1.5579 not significantly differentProtime lab result; msw=442.090, n=174, k=4, dfw=170Q (0.05) =3.67, Q (0.01) =4.48. From 5% confidence interval=3031-40= (66.5625-69.5938)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (442.090/174)=-1.9017 not significantly different=3041-50 = (66.5625-53.6000)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (442.090/174)=8.1322 significantly different=3050 = (66.5625-56.7895)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (442.090/174)=6.1322 significantly different31-4041-50= (69.5938-53.6000)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (442.090/174)=10.0339 significantly different31-4050= (69.5938-56.7895)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (442.090/174)=8.0395 significantly different41-5050= (53.6000-56.7895)/à ¢Ã… ¡ (442.090/174)=-2.0010 not significantly differentQuestion 2H0: Gender and Age when categorized are independentH1: Gender and age when categorized are not independentResultsChi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 10.120a 3 .018 Likelihood Ratio 10.415 3 .015 Linear-by-Linear Association .161 1 .689 N of Valid Cases 310 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.61. X (1) = (10.120, 3), p= 0.018, thus since p0.05 we reject the null hypothesis.ConclusionWe conclude that there is no statistically significance evidence to proof that associatio n between gender and age when categorized are independent.Question 3H0: Experiencing Malaise and age when categorized are independentH1: Experiencing Malaise and age when categorized are not independentResultsChi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 6.621a 3 .085 Likelihood Ratio 6.676 3 .083 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.774 1 .096 N of Valid Cases 308 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 25.35. The Pearson chi-Square X (6.621, 3) p = 0.085. Since p 0.05 we accept the null hypothesis.ConclusionThere is statistically significant evidence that experiencing Malaise and age when categorized are independent since p (0.085) 0.05Question 4H0: Experiencing fatigue and age when categorized are independentH1: Experiencing fatigue and age when categorized are not independentResultsChi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 18.731a 3 .000 Likelihood Ratio 19.494 3 .000 Linear-by-Linear Associati on 15.371 1 .000 N of Valid Cases 308 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 22.44. The Pearson Chi-Square X (18.731, 3) p= 0.0. Since P (0.0) 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis.ConclusionThere is no statistically significance evidence to proof that experiencing fatigue and age when categorized are independent.Question 5H0: Having an abnormal result in the first trimester is related to having an abnormal result in the third trimester.H1: Having an abnormal result in the first trimester is not related to having an abnormal result in the third trimester.Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 7.073a 1 .008

Globalization and Western Dominated Policies in Africa

Abderrahmane Sissako’s film Bamako (2006) and Homi Bhabha’s essay â€Å"Of Mimicry and Man: The Ambivalence of Colonial Discourse† both explore how the globalization and Western-dominated policies affect the deepest levels of everyday life of ordinary Africans. In his essay Bhabha defines Mimicry as the subordination of the eastern countries on the hands of the ruling classes and the resultant effect of this domination. The thematic similarities between Sissako’s film and Bhabha’s essay go beyond their contemporary post-colonial studies. Homi Bhabha was born and raised in India, got his PHD in England, and is now teaching at Harvard University. Abderrahmane Sissako was born in Mauretania, brought up in Mali and trained as a filmmaker in the Soviet Union. These days he lives in France and travels back to Africa to make films. They both seem to have felt the pain of betrayal that comes by living in a ‘multicultural’ nation, and for that they both can be considered a product of the multicultural processes about which they develop their work. Sissako once said â€Å"Through art you can invent the impossible.† In Bamako he explores this idea of art transmitting a message in terms of globalization. The movie was shoot in a residential neighborhood within Mali’s capital, Bamako. In a series of improbable events the global capitalism itself is put on trial in the most improbable scenario, where the principal scene is that of a trial in which residents are the plaintiff and worldShow MoreRelatedComparing Media Systems : African Background Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan to prosper and see the light in Africa once the external pressures of the west diminished post-cold war and after the fall of the Berlin Wall. 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However, I will be solely discussing the economic aspects of globalization and how it effects theRead MoreDifferences Between Du Bois And Marcus Garvey1688 Words   |  7 Pa gesa commitment to Pan-Africanism and the liberation of Africa. Du Bois rejected many of Garvey’s policies and mounted a campaign to expose corruption and mismanagement of Garvey’s famous Black Star Shipping Line: a black cross-continental trade venture. Pan-Africanism is â€Å"a movement of people of African descent from sub-Saharan Africa in the early twentieth century that emphasized their identity, shared experiences, and the need to liberate Africa from its European colonizers† (Hine et al., 2014, pRead MoreAnalysis of Three Non-Western Cultures on Diversity Leadership2780 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION Globalization, and the need for an improved economic integration, has led to increased cultural diversity of organisations’ fundamental values and also among individual employees of an organization. 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Daily Mandarin Lesson What in Chinese

Learning how to say what in Chinese is a very helpful vocabulary word that will enable you to ask and understand questions. The Chinese term for â€Å"what† is 甚é º ¼ written traditionally, or ä »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë† written in simplified form. In Mandarin Chinese, its pinyin is shà ©nme. Most commonly used as a question word, 甚é º ¼ / ä »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë† can also be used in certain statements. For example, æ ²â€™Ã§â€Å¡Ã© º ¼ / æ ² ¡Ã¤ »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë† (mà ©i shà ©nme) translates to it doesn’t matter or its nothing. 甚é º ¼ / ä »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë† (shà ©nme) occurs after the verb it references. Or, when used  with  a noun, the term can appear at the beginning of the phrase. Characters The Chinese term for what is composed of two characters: 甚é º ¼ / ä »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë†. The first character 甚 / ä »â‚¬ (shà ©n) can mean â€Å"what† or why depending on which characters come before or after. The second character is a non-independent particle which is always used in conjunction with other characters. Together,  Ã§â€Å¡Ã© º ¼ / ä »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë† means what. Pronunciation 甚 / ä »â‚¬ (shà ©n) is pronounced in the 2nd tone. This is a rising tone that starts from a lower pitch then rises upwards. On the other hand, ä ¹Ë† is an unaccented word. Thus, in terms of tones, the Chinese term for what can be written as shen2 me. Sentence Examples Using Shà ©nme NÇ  yà  o chÄ « shà ©nme?ä ½  Ã¨ ¦ Ã¥ Æ'甚é º ¼?ä ½  Ã¨ ¦ Ã¥ Æ'ä »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë†?What do you want to eat?Shà ©nme dà ¬fang bÇ jià  o hÇŽo wà ¡n?甚é º ¼Ã¥Å" °Ã¦â€" ¹Ã¦ ¯â€Ã¨ ¼Æ'Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã§Å½ ©?ä »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë†Ã¥Å" °Ã¦â€" ¹Ã¦ ¯â€Ã¨ ¾Æ'Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã§Å½ ©?What place is fun? Zhà ¨ shà ¬ shà ©nme yà ¬si?這æ˜ ¯Ã¤ »â‚¬Ã© º ¼Ã¦â€ž Ã¦â‚¬  ?è ¿â„¢Ã¦Ëœ ¯ ä »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë†Ã¦â€ž Ã¦â‚¬ ?What does it mean? / What is the meaning? NÇ  xià  nzà  i zà  i zuà ² shà ©nme?ä ½  Ã§  ¾Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥ Å¡Ã¤ »â‚¬Ã© º ¼Ã¤ ½  Ã§Å½ °Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥ Å¡Ã¤ »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë†What are you doing right now?

Il ny a pas du pain A Common French Mistake

Learn from this common French-language mistake. Wrong: Il ny a pas du painRight: Il ny a pas de pain Explanation: One of the first things you learn about French vocabulary related to food is that you need to use partitive articles with it, as in je vais acheter du pain (Im going to buy some bread). You also learn that the partitive article changes to de after a negation, but many French students forget that part. So there is some bread is il y a du pain, but there isnt any bread is il ny a pas de pain, not il ny a pas du pain. Related lessons: Partive articlesDe vs du, de la, desFrench food vocabulary

Psychological Analysis of Girl Interupted Essay - 990 Words

Running Head: BPD in Girl Interrupted Borderline Personality Disorder in Girl Interrupted Girl Interrupted is a movie based on Susanna Kaysen’s novel, which was inspired by her stay in a mental institution in the 1960s. Incidentally the main character, played by Winona Ryder, is named Susanna. She is eighteen years old and begins the movie by reflecting back on the events leading up to her visit to the psychologist. She has just graduated from high school and other than being an aspiring writer, has no plans for her life. In addition she has flashbacks of her attempted suicide, though she denies taking a bottle of aspirin with vodka. When she was brought to the hospital they found bruises on her wrist, but she claimed she had†¦show more content†¦Freud defines one’s ego as a part of the mind which constrains the id to reality, and is the â€Å"referee† between the superego and id. People with borderline personality disorder externally scatter and internally contradict their concept of themselves. Kernberg states, borderlines can describ e themselves for five hours without your getting a realistic picture of what theyre like. Furthermore, borderline personality disorder is clinically defined as ones instability which is evident in their relationships, emotions, behavior and image of themselves. Persons with such disorder may have feelings of abandonment. Often in efforts to manipulate people back into relationships, they take part in self-manipulating behavior or suicidal attempts. Suicide is sometimes attempted impulsively by persons in periods of extreme depression. In addition people often experience strong emotions and strong desires for intimacy. Susanna suffers greatly from these along with other symptoms of borderline personality disorder. One can see from the opening scene in her attempted suicide, that that was one of the leading symptoms. In her out reach for attention she overdosed with a bottle of aspirin along with a bottle of vodka. She also claimed that she had no bones in her hand, which could have been further self-mutilation or another delusional disorder. In addition she

Jonathan Kozol has been around for quite some time writing Free Essays

Jonathan Kozol has been around for quite some time writing hard-hitting journalism about flaws in this country. His book Savage Inequities is more of the same with the focus on education. Kozol’s strength as a writer is being able to put a face on his topic, anywhere from education to homelessness, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Kozol has been around for quite some time writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now He makes the issue real and attaches human faces and real people that the reader can relate to.  In order to write this book, Kozol spent a lot of time traveling around visiting schools. To name a few, he visited schools in New York City, Chicago, St. Louis, Washington D.C. and many others. During his visits, he spent time observing in the classroom as well as interviewing teachers, students, parents, and administrators. What Kozol found out was that schools today are as separate and unequal as they were before the landmark decision of Brown vs. the Board of Education in 1954. he determines that the reason for these inequities lies in the way that American schools are funded. America funds its schools with property taxes. The problem with this is that rich suburban areas pay much more property taxes, which makes their schools unrivaled. While in inner city schools, the property tax base is much lower. Therefore, mostly minority kids attend schools without much money. Kozol takes the reader into these schools to make his point. In Chicago, there is a school with no library. They are overcrowded, understaffed, and lack even the basics of resources and equipments. He takes us to a high school in the Bronx where the rain pours in. For example, Kozol states, â€Å"The science labs at East St. Louis High are 30 to 50 years outdated†¦The six lab stations in the room have empty holes where pipes were once attached. ‘It would be great if we had water,’ says a physics teacher (Kozol 27). He later hits the reader hard questioning why our country allows this to happen.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Almost anyone who visits in the schools of East St. Louis†¦comes away profoundly shaken. These are innocent children, after all†¦One searches   fro some way to understand why a society as rich and, frequently, as      generous as ours would leave these children in their penury and squalor   for so long-and with so little public indignation. Is this just a strange    mistake of history?†¦why is it that we can’t at least pour vast amounts of      money, ingenuity, and talent into public education for these children? (140).  He literally bombards the reader with real horror stories of his visits and travels in order to put a face on the poor state of education.   It isn’t just about education and schools and teachers; there are real kids involved here who are not getting what they need. Of Patterson, New Jersey, he states, â€Å"The city is so short of space that four elementary schools now occupy   abandoned factories. Children at one wood-frame elementary school,   which has no cafeteria or indoor space for recreation, eat lunch in a section of the boiler room. A bathroom houses reading classes (Kozol 106).  He compares these schools to suburban ones where conditions are much better. Teachers are paid much more, libraries are stocked, and technology abounds. He does a fantastic job at showing the contrasts between the wealthy schools and the poor schools. With the pictures he paints for the reader, the reader cannot argue with him. He also makes a plea for America to value equality and fix its schools. â€Å"And yet we stop to tell ourselves: These are Americans. Why do we       reduce them to this beggary – and why, particularly, in public education?      Why not spend on children here at least what we would be investing in   their education if they lived within a wealthy district like Winnetka, Illinois, or Cherry Hill, New Jersey, or Manhasset, Rye, or Great Neck in   New York? Wouldn’t this be natural behavior in an affluent society that      seems to value fairness in so many other areas of life? Is fairness less    important to Americans today than in some earlier times? Is it viewed as    slightly tiresome and incompatible with hardnosed values? What do   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Americans believe about equality? (Kozol 41) Kozol ends the book with a vivid picture of an elementary school in a neighborhood of Cincinnati. He tells the reader that atmosphere was polluted with factories, prostitutes were near, and â€Å"Bleakness was the order of the day.† Kozol said he â€Å"rarely saw a child with a good big smile (Kozol 230-31). He leaves the reader with a bad taste in his/her mouth at the state of schools. This he does in hopes of spurring his readers to action. His research methods would be described as informal because his analysis comes from observations and interviews. There is no standard form that he uses, but he gets the material nonetheless. He devotes a chapter to teach area he discusses and gives the reader a description of the city as to understand why the schools are the way they are.  His findings are extremely significant to America as he clearly delineates the problems of American schools. With the images he creates, no one can argue with him. The pictures of these inner city schools are bleak. A criticism for Kozol is that he does not concentrate on any other problems in education besides inequality. Not that the inequality of schools is not a huge problem, but there are other problems that lead to poor achievement as well. No Child Left Behind plays a role. If those kids don’t do well on the tests, more funding can be cut. Inner city schools do not tend to keep their teachers, With high teacher turnover, it is even harder for students to learn, and there may be large gaps in curriculum. There are also many forces at play outside the school, such as the home lives and parental involvement of these students. Probably the biggest criticism of Kozol is that he offers no solutions; he only identifies problems. He would probably say that solutions aren’t his job, and he would leave that to the educational theorists. But after reading his condemnations, it would be nice to hear some of his ideas for solutions. Kozol doesn’t tell the reader this, but The relationship between funding and academic achievement is unclear. However, it does not take a genius to figure this out. Will more money alone solve the problems in schools? Of course, it won’t. However, more money will help. Money will help schools fix dilapidated buildings, buy equipment and resources, hire more teachers and aides to promote lower class sizes, attract better teachers who are more qualified, and a myriad of other things. But throwing money at the problem is only a start. These schools need help. They need more community and parental involvement. They need after school programs and tutoring programs and teachers with the knowledge and compassion to continue in the profession. Kozol doesn’t mention other solutions except to give the schools more money, but there are many other things needed. Even money will not solve the problems of segregation. Inner city schools are made up mostly of minority students. How is that problem solved? Yes, more whites who fled to the suburbs are finding their way back to the inner city, but this is not always a good thing either. They are uprooting established communities in the process of gentrification and displacing people who may have nowhere else to go. This is why Kozol focuses on the money, because as difficult as it will be to change the way we fund schools, it will be harder to desegregate communities. Kozol makes good sense when he speaks of getting rid of the property tax funding for schools and finding a new way to fund them. If education is supposed to be democratic, and it is, America cannot continue to fund schools this way. The system America has virtually guarantees that parents who can afford to buy big houses in the suburbs will send their children to better schools. For school administrators and all personnel in schools, there are many things to be learned from this book. the most important one is that as educators, we should be fighting for democratic schools. Administrators should be out there fighting the property tax system and leading the charge to find other, more equitable ways to fund schools. Administrators also ought to be required to take a look around at the world. They should be required to visit inner city schools to truly understand what other educators go through on a daily basis. Administrators should value quality teachers all the more after reading this book, and go out of their way to keep their quality teachers. Truly, everyone even thinking about becoming an educator should read a book like this, and visit these schools.   Most of us do not even know what a crisis we are in, right now in America.   And hopefully, future educators will be the ones to fix this crisis. Work Cited Kozol, Jonathan, Savage Inequities, Harper Perennial, 1992. How to cite Jonathan Kozol has been around for quite some time writing, Essay examples

Sarawakian Tattoos Essay Example For Students

Sarawakian Tattoos Essay Scarification means making deliberate cuts to the skin, and is anancient art still practiced in many cultures today. The decorative scarsare used to confer beauty, status, protection, and identity to the bearers. Tattooing is one way of scarification. Tattooing is probably the mostpopular form of body adornment today. Although the art of tattooing hasbeen around for quite a while, the word tattoo is relatively new. Theword tattoo originated from the Tahitian word tatu which means to marksomething (Oxford dictionary). Captain James Cook introduced the wordtattoo shortly after the word taboo to the English speakers. Theearliest use of the word was found in Captain Cooks diary in 1769. Thefirst electric machine was invented by Samuel O Reilley which was improvedupon an earlier tattoo machine that was created by Thomas Edison. There are three types of tattoos. One example would be the decorativetattoo which is the most common and are usually placed on the skin fordecorative purposes. Some are homemade with needle and India ink; othersare professionally applied with a tattoo gun using one or more colors oftattoo ink. Professional tattoos are deeper, contain more ink, and are moredifficult to remove. The second type of tattoo would be the Cosmetic tattoowhich is known as micro- pigmentation or permanent cosmetics. This type oftattoo is used as permanent eyeliner, lip liner, lipstick, and otherpermanent cosmetic purposes. This type of tattoo is also used to cover skinpigment disorders, scars and other blemishes. The third type of tattoowould be Traumatic tattoos which are foreign substances, such as dirt, thatare embedded in the skin through an accidental injury. Sarawakian tattoos are categorized under decorative tattoos, undertribal tattoos. It is strongly believed that tattooing among the Dayaktribe, one of the largest tribe in Sarawak originated from China. Among thetribes in Borneo, tattooing is often associated with head hunting which isa visible sign of success for men and the coming age of women, as in somecases, it the tattoos symbolizes their status. Tattoos are part of therites of passage and next to blackened teeth and long ear-lobes,intricate tattoos on fingers, hands, lower arms, thighs, calves, and feetserved as important elements of beauty for women. The darker the color ofthe tattoo, the better it is seen as. In Borneo, women have tattoos on their forearms in symbols to signifytheir skill. For example, if a woman wore a symbol indicating she was askilled weaver, her status as prime marriageable material was increased. Tattoos around the wrist and fingers were believed to ward away illness. Another tribe in Borneo would be the Apo-Kayans. They are a subgroup of theDayak people. Apo Kayan means the Kayan hill country bordering Sarawak- Ayoung womans social position is also indicated, among other things, by thenumber of rings around the calves of her legs. It appears originally thesignificance of the tattooing was as a protective device. (Tillema ca. 1924-1927 1989) This in fact facilitated them to travel to the land of theancestors. Tattooing of women affects men in very objectionable ways as theoutcome of the magic it works. Consequently, it is only permitted atintervals of six years or more, and when the process is completed, acelebration is held. The festivity counteracts the bad influences whichthreaten the men. But women sometimes go ahead with it anyway, without thechiefs consent, and they then go to the Ma Kulit, a tribe known for itsskillful tattooing of women. .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377 , .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377 .postImageUrl , .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377 , .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377:hover , .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377:visited , .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377:active { border:0!important; } .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377:active , .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377 .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf0daf575801188a296537c847ea85377:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Blackfeet: Land and Language is the Heritage EssayIn the old days, almost all Dayak men tattooed their bodies. But insome Dayak sub-tribes, such as the Dayak Kayaan, it is mostly the women,who were tattooed. Not many men were tattooed due to the requirements andrestrictions. Kayaan men are tattooed only if they have been mengayo (head-hunting). If a Kayaan man has a tattoo on the upper part of his thumb, itmeans that he once went head-hunting. A headhunter is respected by membersof his tribe. For Kayaan women, the tattoo symbolises beauty and pride. AKayaan woman who does not have a tattoo considers herself lower in rank tothose who have them. There are three types of tattoos for Kayaan women. The first one,tedak kasaa covers the entire part of a womans legs and is only forgrownups. The tedak uses covers her arms while tedak hapii covers herthighs. A series of ritual ceremonies should be performed before getting atattoo. Dayak Kenyah people tattoo their bodies inside a house especially built forthe occasion. It is accompanied by certain ritual ceremonies. When a man istattooed, every male member of his family is required to wear cawat (menstribal wear) and they are not allowed to leave the house, while all membersof his family should refrain from doing certain things. If the requirementsand restrictions are violated the life of the man being tattooed will bethreatened. A rite called mela malam, or praying for the help of ancestors in thetattooing process, is performed the night before a Kayaan woman istattooed. The next morning, her family will take the woman to a relativeslonghouse near the house of the tattooEach Dayak ethnic group tattoos a different body part. Dayak Ngaju, Iban,Punan and Ot Danum people tattoo all parts of their bodies. The Dusun tribe which is near Mt. Kinabalu Tambunan Valley, thebordering chiefs (Muslim chiefs) used to reconcile the Dusun by giving theaggrieved community some slave to dispose of; this is done by tying theslave up and spearing him through the thorax, then the men of the villageeach take a cut at the quivering body (slowly bleeding them to death). Whoever that does this has the right to tattoo himself. (Alman 1963). These days, the art of tattooing among the Dayak has almost vanished. Some tribes still practice it, but it is mostly carried out by oldergroups. Dayak youngsters long deserted the practice and if some of themstill do it, it is simply for aesthetic reasons. Today, it is viewed moreas a form of art rather than culture; it is one way of expressing oneself. It is also a way of re-discovering their heritage and adorning their bodieswith images to bring them closer to their roots. BibliographyHopkins, Julian. (2004, March-April). Sex, Gender Culture. Lecturepresented to AN101, HELP Institute. Ember C., Ember M., Peregrine P. (2002) The Arts; Anthropology-tenth edition. New Jersey, USA. Prentice Hall. (1999). Early Tatoos of Borneo. Retrieved February 9, 2004 fromthe World Wide Web: www.vanishingtatoo.com/borneo_tatoos.htm (2002). Decorative Arts. Retrieved February 9, 2004 from the WorldWide Web: www.meuseum.sarawak.gov.my/decorative.html (2003). Borneo Ink Tattoos. Retrieved February 9, 2004 from theWorld Wide Web: http:// www.borneoink.comTattoo Definition. Retrieved March 20, 2004 from the World WideWeb:http:// www.everytattoo.com/definitions.shtmlBellis,Mary. History of Tattoos . Retrieved March 20, 2004 from theWorld Wide Web:http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bltattoomachine.htmGateway Aesthetic Institute and Laser Center. Types of Tattoos . Retrieved March 20, 2004 from the World Wide Web:http://www.lasaway.com/home/tattooQAnew.htmlA Brief History of Tattoos . Retrieved March 20, 2004 from theWorld Wide Web: http://www.powerverbs.com/tattooyou/history.htmNational geographic. Retrieved March 20, 2004 from the WorldWide Web: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/tattoos/htmlInterview : 8-3, Jalan 27/70A, Desa Sri Hartamas, 50480 KualaLumpur. (www.borneoink.com)Tillema, H.F. 1989. A Journey Among the Peoples of Central Borneo in Wordand Picture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798 , .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798 .postImageUrl , .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798 , .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798:hover , .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798:visited , .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798:active { border:0!important; } .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798:active , .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798 .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6539d3d39c8c4bc35a5dfe2270692798:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sept 12th Essayhttp://www.vanishingtattoo.com/borneo_tattoos.htm

Impact of Research on Social Change

Question: Discuss the impact of research on social change. Answer: The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of research on social change. The study statement provides in this paper shows that research has a wide impact on the society. Therefore, it can be said that the statement is relevant and appropriate for the study. The participants have not mentioned the research participants. The research statement consist the aim of the study and its expected outcome. However, it does not address the research problem. In order to improve the statement, it would be important to incorporate the research participant and problem as well. Qualitative technique helps to get feedbacks from the respondents through open-ended questions (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). In this study, a qualitative approach has been taken under consideration. The aim was to identify the impact of research on social change. In this study, viewpoint of different researches have been gathered and analyzed. This means, the researcher has focuses on a single phenomenon while conducting the research. This research does not consist of quantitative method, as the researcher has not conducted survey among the respondents (Lewis, 2015). The respondents were asked to provide a clear justification about their perception. Therefore, it can be said that the respondents have provided general definition of the central phenomenon. The study shows that research helps to bring social change. It helps to communicate with the participants regarding the study topic. In order to obtain accurate research outcome, the researchers have provided their viewpoint regarding the central topic of the study. The method utilized in this study is appropriate and relevant with the research statement. Reference Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice, 1524839915580941 Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.

Key Ideas to Consider When Writing Topic For Proposal Essays

Key Ideas to Consider When Writing Topic For Proposal EssaysIf you're looking for topics for proposal essays, it is important to know what you want to say before you start writing. This will help guide you in selecting the best idea to make your essay more specific. The topics for proposal essays are designed to be short and sweet with an easy to understand message.The topic for a proposal essay will start with the main idea of your project. This is the first point you should start with. Make sure that this first point will tie in nicely with the rest of the essay. Once you have a topic for the essay, you should identify where you want to go with it.Once you have some specific ideas in mind, go through each topic and make sure it fits. The main idea should be in line with the theme. When looking at essay topics for proposal essays, it is important to keep an eye out for the theme. It may not seem like it would fit but the theme may be what makes the topic for the essay work.The theme of the paper will be highlighted as you read through the piece. You can see how many specific ideas relate to the theme and where the theme fits in. By making sure that the theme is right, you can easily make connections to the topic for the essay.Most people will use the main idea to set the tone for the piece. This is a good idea but it is important to keep in mind that many people will see this as the central point of the essay. Many times, they will look for the thesis statement to connect the different sections. Themes for proposal essays should include an argument from the start and that is why you must get the major ideas set up well in the beginning.Once you have set up the thesis statement, make sure that there is a large section about how the idea relates to your topic. This can be your biggest area of focus but it is still important to know that the section will include this information. This will help you focus on your main idea to ensure that the entire essay is focuse d on this idea.It is also important to stay organized with the introduction and conclusion of the essay, because these two sections can take away the focus away from the main idea. The introduction should include the important details about the project and the reason why the essay was written. The conclusion should add to what was said in the introduction and close the deal. It is good to include one or two ideas that give the conclusion credibility.Since the theme is already built in, you can set the theme up with the other parts of the essay. This is a good way to ensure that the theme is not lost and to make sure that the idea is consistent throughout the essay. When it comes to topics for proposal essays, you want to make sure that you focus on the idea you have chosen to be the main thrust of the project.

Theatre 102 Essay Example For Students

Theatre 102 Essay Kelli Cole, Jennifer Rodriguez, Rebecca Cohn, Delores DavisDecember 7, 2004Drama begins with the characters standing in a horizontal line at about themiddle of the stage, with arm at sides. Each character steps forward whentalking and steps back when finished with their lines. Rebecca: Why are we doing this?Jennifer: Why do I care about other peoples beliefs?Delores: Why am I here?Kelli: What happens when I die?Delores: Why do we all have different religions?Rebecca: Whats the purpose of life?Kelli: What do I believe?Jennifer: Who am I?Delores: Who am I?Kelli: Who am I?Rebecca: Who am I?When Rebecca is finished speaking the cast moves back one step with theexception of Jennifer who performs her monologue first. Before Jenniferstarts, the other cast members each take a pose that represents theircharacter. These poses are held during all the monologues, unless you arethe character giving your monologue. We will write a custom essay on Theatre 102 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Jennifer: Yeah real Catholics right!Yeah real saints they wereTo them its the right thing to doThey go to church Praise the lord!But then they come back and torture usTo hit their childNo No No No to beat them senseless RosaI know you understand, youve been there. I will never think of touching my daughters like what they have done to me. There is no way to forgive them for thatI had to live in the streets because they have tortured me and scared mefor life. I lost my faith because of thatI do believe there is something good out thereIm not just ready to accept it right now. They were monsters!and to think that they had love for God but, not for memaybe because I was an orphan. A bastard child!After Jennifer performs her monologue, she steps back into the line withthe cast and takes her pose, Kelli drops her pose and steps forward toperform her monologue. Kelli: I have no church affiliation. I do not believe there is a God. See,I said I dont believe in God, I dont hate God and it isnt that I dontwant there to be a God, I just dont believe there is a God. Why you ask?Just look around, look at all the hate, poverty and the violence, What kindof a God would do that to us? I dont believe anybody could sit above usand watch this world and do nothing, Ijustdontbelieveit. Hmmm.Church and State? I Dont really know how I feel about that. Iguess its good for those who believe it. For those of us that dontbelieve and I can only speak for myself, I just dont say it, dont talkabout it. And with under God in the pledge, it isnt mandatory to say thatpart and I just dont say it. I am not against God and one of my bestfriends is a Christian, I just do not believe it and I never will, but itdoesnt bother me if you do. After Kelli gives her monologue, the characters all drop their pose andenact a scene from Saved. Scene from Saved: The scene will play in the background with the soundplaying. The cast of the drama will perform the movements of the scene, butnot repeat any of the dialogue. Dialogue that will be going on from Saved:Hilary Faye: We pray for all the perverts, but especially for Dean. We jointogether and beg you to rid him of his unnatural perversions. May you leadhim out of the darkness Lord and into your divine light. That was good,that felt really nice you guys. Thank you so much. That was good prayer. .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336 , .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336 .postImageUrl , .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336 , .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336:hover , .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336:visited , .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336:active { border:0!important; } .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336:active , .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336 .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u681cad5f0944ecc9934d308a5dfb2336:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History Behind Much Ado About Nothing EssayHi Mary. Mary: Hi. Hilary Faye: How are you? Its good to see you. Weve been waiting for you. We were just finishing up, so if you have anything else you want to add,Jesus is still listening. Mary: Jesus isnt listening Hilary Faye. I did everything I could to saveDean and he still ended up at Mercy House. Hilary Faye: Okay, lets take a breath,Mary: What can they say and do that I havent already done?Hilary Faye: Excuse me, youre embarrassing me. We have to pray about this. Prayer works, its been medically proven. You know that. Mary: Just lay off me, Hilary. Hilary Faye: Wait a minute, give me that. You could pollute the jewels andeverything we stand for. And I cant have that. Goodbye. Mary: I hope you know this is all a waste of time. At the end of the scene Rebecca starts her monologue and all the castmembers retake their poses. Rebecca: Separation of church and state? What are you talking about? Notcompletely right? Our government was founded based on the principles of thechurch. You cant take away the foundation of our government now when it issuccessful just because a few people think there should be a separation. The separation of church and state was created to keep the state out of thechurch not the church out of the state. Well yea the church should not beruling the state but that does not mean that our trusty leaders can notfall back on their own religious morals and refer to Christianity. Christianity in the school systems is good because it is instillingmoral fiber in our children. Giving them an opportunity to grow spirituallyand providing them with a moral base. Without religion in school a lot ofchildren will not have an outlet for spirituality. The church is used as anoutlet for good. With religion in the schools we are guiding out societybased on church teachings that are for the best in terms of health, wellbeing and spirituality. Church based educations provide more of a moralbackground and therefore should be kept in our education system. After Rebecca gives her monologue, she steps back and retakes her pose andDelores steps forward and gives her monologue. Delores: Okay, so Im Jewish.who cares? I mean I believe in God, justnot in Jesus. My people believe that he is a prophet. ButIm not reallysure. I mean Id have to double check my Torah. Anyhow, whats this aboutchurch and state? I really dont care. Like I said I believe in God.butif it said In Jesus we Trust then maybe Id have a thing or two to sayabout it. Just like in the pledge of allegiance, if it said Jesus I thinkId have a problem, because then it would only be subjectiveforChristians. And we Americans have the right to choose. God in Americacan be anything you want it to be, a dog, a cat, whatever. Anyhow, its notreally an issue for me, I really dont care. We all have the right tobelieve in whatever we want. And for those who think that church and stateshould be combined, obviously dont care about others beliefs. I meanthats what Christian and Catholic schools are for, right?! I dont knowwhat Im talking about. I mean until it becomes an issue, I really dontcare. After Delores gives her monologue, all the characters all drop their poseand move to enact the second scene from Saved. Scene from Saved: A second scene from Saved will be played while again thecast will act out the movement without any dialogue except the sounds fromthe movie. Dialogue that will be going on from Saved:Hilary Faye: Hurry, hurry, get her, get in the van. Hurry Tia. Now, get herin here, get her in. .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3 , .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3 .postImageUrl , .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3 , .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3:hover , .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3:visited , .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3:active { border:0!important; } .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3:active , .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3 .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf33b540d4d5cee4819d5570f5ab7aee3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lucent Technologies EssayMary: Get off me!Hilary Faye: In the name of Jesus Christ, I command you. Leave the body ofthis girl. Mary: Youre performing an exorcism? Get off me!Hilary Faye: Get back here Mary, weve got to get rid of the evil in you. Tia: Its Gods will. Mary: Gods will?!Tia: Christ died for your sins. Hilary Faye: Okay, wait a second. So are you not going to accept ourintervention here?Mary: You mean your kidnapping? No!Hilary Faye: You are back sliding into the flames of Hell. Veronica: Youve become a magnet for sin. Weve all witnessed it. Mary: Sure Veronica, acting all pure. What about last spring break at thepromise makers rally, huh?Hilary Faye: Oh my God, you are making accusations as we are trying to saveyour soul? Turn away from Satan. Jesus, he loves you. Mary: You dont know the first thing about love. Hilary Faye: I am filled with Christs love. Mary: Oh God. Hilary Faye: You are just jealous of my success in the Lord. Mary: This is not a weapon, you idiot. After the scene, all characters will go back to their poses and stepforward one at a time as they say their line. The characters will droptheir poses as they move forward. Jennifer: Who am I?Rebecca: Who am I?Kelli? Who am I?Delores: Who am I?ALL: Who are you?

Preschool Programs essays

Preschool Programs essays Unlike countries such as the United Kingdom, Sweden and Italy, the United States does not have a free, universal and comprehensive pre-school system. Early childhood education has been a neglected priority, to the detriment of the country's youngest citizens. After all, studies have shown that preschool and early childhood education programs have both short- and long-term positive effects on a child's physical, emotional and This paper argues that preschool programs can have a lasting impact on a child's life. Given the importance of this early foundation, the federal government should thus follow the European example and provide funding for preschool programs for the country's children. Children learn to develop fundamental motor skills in early childhood. These early motor skills later serve as foundations for more advanced movement, such as the coordination needed to play sports. Researchers believe that children need to learn early motor skills to participate successfully in more advanced activities as they grow older (Hoffman). According to researchers, the best way to develop motor development is through interaction and through ensuring ample opportunities in a student's environment. This is particularly significant for children who have difficulty developing motor skills because of biological factors or because they live in neighborhoods that are not conducive to physical play (Hoffman). Such children risk falling behind their peers in their physical Researchers thus studies whether a preschool intervention program could help children who had developmental delays in the area of motor skills. The research focused on children who had problems with locomotor and object control skills. The results of their study showed that children who were enrolled in a "compensatory preschool program" performed better in locomotor skills activities such a...

MA INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MA INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS - Essay Example It focuses on studies of conditions pre and post 2003 war. This study will focus on human rights violations and its impact on the international relations of Iraq with various countries. International Relations which has developed as a branch of Political Science and it studies foreign affairs of states and relations among states within the international system. In the present scenario the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs) have become very important to determine the International Relations among states. These cover various issues of politics, economics, security and peace and human rights. To formulate any foreign policy all these issues are being analysed and concerned. The diverse range of issues covered in International Relations studies range from globalisation to cultural studies, cross cultural impacts, ecology, nuclear issues terrorism and human security to human rights. One of the approaches of international relations is Inter-statist approach where in State is divided into two separate domains of internatl and external(international) domains. International norms along with human rights comes under the External domain. Understanding of international domain depands in agreeing on various issues and rules. Human rights in Iraq have been one of the concerns of international communities from the past. Human rights have been reported to be violated reign of Saddam Hussein and even after Gulf war in 1991. In Saddam’s period Government had repressed anyone who opposed or questioned any decision. Government had control over major industries and oil production. The human rights violations included Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life, disappearance of people after military occupations, Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Arbitrary Arrest,

Problem-solving tools and techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Problem-solving tools and techniques - Essay Example For example a son desires to search out an extraordinary present for his grand parents 25th anniversary, but he doesn’t have knowledge of what would suit the best. He brainstorms many gift suggestions to choose a gift that would explain his parents that how much they value for him. Benchmarking is the procedure of deciding who is the most excellent, who places the standard, and what that standard is. For example: In cricket, the victory in five successive World Cup finals declared Australia the benchmark. Groupthink describes one process by which a group can make bad or irrational decisions. In a groupthink situation, each member of the group attempts to match up his or her opinions to what they believe to be the consensus of the group Groupthink, a name created by social psychologist Irving Janis (1972), takes place when a group takes flawed decisions for the reason that group strains escorts to a deterioration of â€Å"mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment† (p. 9). Nominal group technique (NGT) is a prearranged technique for group brainstorming that supports offerings from every person of the group. For example a group of bankers functioning on improving a management account has a clearly organized work manner, and therefore use NGT instead of Brainstorming to come up with the correct format. Intuition is the capability to acquire a logic, image or sense regarding somebody or something. Intuition communicates by signs, thoughts and sentiments. Intuition is present in everyone since his/her birth. For instance, you can be a fine author, excellent listener,  observant, imaginative, responsive, high flier and cultured. You may have a leadership quality ad you may have a quality to take a right decision on a right time. These things are God gifted and help you make

Agritourism And Rural Development Economics Essay

Agritourism And Rural Development Economics Essay There are several evidences for agritourisms contribution for rural development from various countries. Not only in developed countries, researches in developing countries have also discovered many findings regarding this phenomenon as agritourism has the ability to open up alternative income sources for the farmers as well as for the surrounding community. As it is a people-oriented industry, agritourism can offer many jobs which can help to revive rural economies. Agritourism has different ways and means of assisting rural development and has ability to influence the economic, socio-cultural and environmental enhancement of some societies. 3.3.1 Agritourism and rural development in developed countries There are many significant studies in developed countries related to agritourism and rural development. As per the study of Haghiri and Okech (2011) on role of the agritourism management in developing the economy of rural areas in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, in rural development, agritourism acts as a solution for the problem of poverty by giving economic opportunities for the farmers. They have mentioned that the promotion of tourism and agritourism activities is one way to help develop the economy of rural areas in the province that is facing a series of challenges, such as small internal markets; shifting socio-demographics; lack of sufficient investments; the high rate of out-migration; diseconomies of scale; and the underdeveloped economic infrastructure for the time being. Further, they have identified three alternatives as starting the production of new products; organic fruits and vegetables, specialized livestock products like sheep, goats, fur, emu, r abbits, etc., farm-based food products, such as bread, jams and jellies, and handmade crafts and enhancing the existing tourism products and also developing new markets in Newfoundland and Labrador, other provinces of Canada, and international countries. In Bahamas, agritourism use forward linkages with agriculture and tourism by direct selling of agricultural products and services to the visitors and also backward linkages such as indirect approach using an intermediary to provide products to the tourism sector. These activities improve the income of farmers and finally helping for the rural development (Hepburn, 2008). Schmitt (2010) has done a study on the farming womens agency, coping strategies, visions and wishes against the dynamic changes of the agricultural sector in the Franconian Jura in northern Bavaria, Germany. While agritourism has become an important permanent livelihood strategy for some farming families, it remains an additional income for others. Either way, it has turned out to be a source of womens growing self-confidence as well as a sustainable ingredient of regional development. (Refer Mortan 2006 See End note) Agritourism in Italy has been able to conduct broad and innovative product range, sophisticated Marketing systems and most importantly, extensive government supports. The Italian system was developed with a clear objective in mind: To halt rural out-migration by keeping farmers on the land (Porcaro, 2009). As per Choo, (2012) agritourism can give farmers an opportunity to generate additional income and to be an avenue for direct marketing of the farm products to consumers. It can also help counteract social and economic problems of the farms and local residents (loss of income, increased expenses, globalization, and others (associated with the decline of traditional agriculture industries). While the financial advantages with respect to employment and wages are clear, agritourism development can also enhance the local quality of life. It can serve as an important source of tax revenues, which may lead to higher public services and lower local tax rates. Agritourism can also support conservation of local culture and traditions, helping to maintain the viability of small-scale agriculture (Choo, 2012). In Turkey it was declared that agritourism is strongly supported as one of the rural development strategies. A number of agritourism enterprises are developing at local level with volunteer initiatives using the desires of local people and local administrations that want to benefit from the facilities of agritourism in Turkey. For example in, Karaburun and Ankara Villages, agritourism services such as accommodation, tasting and buying local foods by the urban people and administration to find extra income for them (Topcu-2007). Also, the BuÄÅ ¸day Associations Ecological Farm Holidays project (Ta-Tu-Ta Project) in Turkey is a cooperative project conducted by volunteer farmers and non-governmental organization targeting to encourage ecological lifestyle. This project stated that farmers benefit from agritourism by producing and selling of organic products to the visitors. Agritourism aids rural economic development by providing alternative use of farmland, increasing revenue of on-farm activities, improving business sustainability, and bringing economic revenue to rural areas both on-site and near the operation. Agritourism also has the potential for informal agricultural education between the owner/operator and the general population which has little to no direct contact with agriculture (Jolly and Reynolds, 2005). A study of Nasers, (2009) in Iowa UAS found that the promotion of agritourism provides a beneficial relationship for local food systems as it helps to enhance the appeal of local foods. In order to challenge and rearrange the modern agri-food system, Local food has become the social movements unifying theme. In contrast, the local food paradigm highlights the importance of food quality and freshness, environmental protection, an individual connection to family and small scale farms, economic multiplier effects which occur when making local purchases and community self-reliance (Ostrom, 2006, p. 66). The demand for fresh produce continues to grow, offering producers the opportunity to increase their profits through direct marketing. Direct marketing provides a link between consumers seeking high-quality produce and producers who are seeking an opportunity to compete in the produce industry (Kuches et al.). In addition to linking the consumer to the producer, direct marketing allows th e producer to bypass the traditional distribution network and earn a greater share of profits (Kuches et al.). As a form of direct marketing, agritourism creates opportunities for the producer to link with their consumer and directly market their products. Moreover, Agritourism is increasing rural vitality and stimulating new economic opportunities through the diversification of farm operations and increased revenue on-site and near the operations in Iowa (Norby and Retallick, 2012). Twe (2010) have reported that agritourism is increasingly being adopted in the United States as it gives a myriad of economic and intrinsic benefits to farmers, visitors and communities, keeps family farms in business and preserving American agricultural heritage, maximizing the productivity of farmland resources through their recreational use, and even improve the economic situation of local communities. Also agritourism is suggested to increase farm revenues and serve other farmer goals (Ollenburg and Buckley, 2007; McGehee and Kim, 2004; Nickerson et al., 2001). Farms that diversify into agritourism are likely to utilize existing resources or other low-input options (Fisher, 2006). Additional economic support for the farm business is especially important in the current time due to increased land values and agricultural input costs (Salamon, 2003; Busby and Rendle, 1999; Ilbery, 1991). Agritourism generally activates as a small family enterprises, so its both socially and economically profitable. Also Agritourism assists to mitigate emigration from remote areas and generate profit by diversifying economy. The cultural exchange of development with urban and rural areas adds quality to their life (Monica Iorio and Andrea Corsale, 2010). According to Gale, (2006) rural tourism enterprises provide novel sources of income for families living in remote areas. 2002, Sharpley (2002) has said that agritourism can offer job opportunities for rural people in local crafts and wine making sectors to provide additional income. Agritourism helps repopulation of rural areas, improvement of the public services, revitalization of local crafts and to increase opportunities for social contacts and exchange. Developing and organizing agritourism requires a significant investment though potential investment is less. (Sharpley, 2002). Agritourism positive educational force stimulates a thirst for knowledge of the outside world, encouraging entrepreneurial activity, providing extra income, generating new forms of employment, creating new patterns of travel or setting up potentially negative demonstration effects, modifying culture and major economic leakages through transnational involvement (Hall, 1998). A study of Beglaryan, (2011) on Development of Agro tourism in Armenia, agritourism provides the opportunity to increase the potential for  higher  margin,  on-farm  sales  and value  added  products  and  services.   Because most Armenian farms are operated by small landowners, there is great o pportunity for customization and uniqueness in agritourism attractions. Theoretically there is a strong relationship between agritourism and rural development. It is believed that agritourism can contribute for the agriculture rural development in several ways (Wicks and Marret 2003; Bruch, 2008). However, to fulfill this condition, several other requirements and conditions are crucial. For example, Danish Food Industry Agency, has paid attention on barriers and structural shortcomings exist before focusing towards the potentials of development of farms which are in need of diversifying the business, and their economic support possibilities. Most importantly, the advices from the consultancy structures of the agricultural associations and from regional and national tourism development bodies and possible networks for green/farm/rural tourism operators are needed in order to gain the full potential of Denmarks rural tourism. (Nielsen,Aae Nissen and Just, 2010). With most agricultural producers in Miami-Dade County experiencing increased pressure by developers to sell their lands, rising operating costs, and stagnant or declining profit margins for most of the major agricultural commodities, agritourism is a possible way to assist with preserving agriculture and open space and contributing to the longer- term economic variability of farm operations. Moreover, while the benefits of agritourism are vital to the individual producers, the benefits go much further with multiplier effects can have major impacts on the local economy (Evans and Hodges, 2006). The literature review indicates that agritourism can provide farm operators and rural communities with many benefits such as: Generating secondary income for farm operators Preserving the visual and cultural rural landscape (Williams and Shaw, 1996; Luloff et al., 1 995; Turner and Davis, 1993); Reducing out migration by providing jobs (Friesen; 1995; Ryan, 1995; Turner and Davis, 1993; Demoi, 1983).; Bringing a transfer of ideas from urban to rural areas (Oppermann, 1996); Providing urban people with an experience of rural living (Lowry, 1996; Reid et al., 1993); Diversifying the rural economy (Lowry, 1996; Ryan, 1995; Maude and van Rest, 1985); Creating eventual market contacts with urban centers (Agricultural Land Commission, 1997; Bowen et al., 1991 ; Demoi, 1983); Making provisions for certain infrastructure (Bowen et al., 1991); and Enhancing the rural identity of communities and emphasizing the importance of agriculture in local areas (Luloff et al., 1995; Ryan, 1995). Therefo re, it is significant that most of the evidences are from developed countries and only a few are from developing countries. Agritourism is accepted by various countries in the world as a rural policy to create rural viability. Agritourism is one of the most diversifying tourism types and the entrepreneurship is highly in need of its success since it plays a major role there. This diversification has converted the agritourism into a strong sector in its rights from being an auxiliary commercial activity (Busby and Rendle 2000; Clarke J. 1998). 3.3.2 Agritourism and rural development in developing countries When agritourism studies of Asia is concerned, only a few can be identified. For example, Utama (2007) has studied on economic, social and environmental benefits the local community enjoys from agritourism and the demand for this industry among tourists in Bali, Indonesia. The aim of the study was to formulate the best strategies to innovate and build up agritourism on Bali. Based on the study, he has found that increase in income of agritourism farmers and job opportunities for local residents, creating networks to strengthen regional or local structures, multiplier effects for small-scale direct investments, diversity increment of economic activities, stimulating physical infrastructure development, increasing the awareness of the importance and value of an area, such as its nature and culture, landscape and the economic potencies and also developing the infrastructure in order to bring about opportunities for other economic development activities. Furthermore, creation of working fields for the local communities through generating related tourism businesses, enhancing the values of the village that contributes for the forms of agricultural product improvements, stimulation of development of other related tourism enterprises such as restaurants, accommodations and handicraft shops, uplifting the social statuses of the local communities in order to reduce poverty, decrease unemployment and also to diminish urbanization though environmental conservation are sustainable tourism development indicators that contributed towards the development of agritourism in Bali. Increasing the arrival of tourists and creating economic incomes are some other contributions that play the key roles of agritourism in applying the sustainable tourism development in Bali. Furthermore, agritourism has contributed lots to the improvement of economy lives of the local communities in the forms of agricultural products sales, various of hand-made souvenirs or handicrafts sold for the tourists, chances to establish food stalls or restaurants and certain types of accommodation such as home-stay, bungalow, villa, and hotel, as well as village development. With respect to economy improvement, the stakeholders predominantly agree that increasing agricultural products are the most contribution generated from agritourism development with mean of 3.97. Moreover, agritourism has contributed toward improvement of social situation. There are three indicators which empower the potency of agritourism development such as poverty alleviation, decreasing the number of unemployment, and declining the urban. The stakeholders mostly agree that the Agritourism enables to alleviate poverties and decrease the unemployment since it provides work opportunities which can help to i mprove the quality of the villagers lives. Not only that, Agritourism has highly played a role in applying sustainable tourism development in Bali. Stakeholders predominantly have agreed that the agritourism development contributes toward nature conservation as one of the important goals of sustainable tourism (sustaining nature, social life, and culture, as well as generating income for the local societies) (Utama, 2007).   In Malaysia, according to the study of Tiraieyari and Hamzah, (2011) on Agritourism: Potential opportunities for farmers and local communities, agritourism has made a vital economic contribution to rural areas and communities though providing local residents with additional sources of income, diversifying the economy and lending prestige to rural life. It enables many to experience a novel form of travel and leisure, to gain new awareness and a positive attitude towards other worlds, towards the environment and towards local people and their culture. According to Said et al (2012) at Kampung Semarang village in Malaysia, agritourism is helped to enhance the agricultural value of the farms and livestock. It is also to promote the village as a new agri-based tourism destination, which would boost the standard of living amongst the farmers and villagers contributing for the local development. Also, Hamzah et.al., (2012) in their study on socio-economic impact potential of agritouris m activities on Desa Wawasan Nelayan community living in Peninsular, Malaysia have concluded that agritourism has the potential of rising the consciousness of the community about sustainable development as agritourism is helping to enhance the social empowerment, strengthen the community, diversify and intensify economic activities, provide job opportunities and alleviate poverty in that community. Agritourism has arisen as an important rural development strategy in Korea. The rural development program named rural theme village in is mainly based on agritourism activities. Seong-woo and Sou-yeon (2006) have studied on this program and found out that agritourism has enabled to rediscovering the values of rural resources that have been disregarded in the modernization procedure of the national economy. And also, it has given insights to both farmers and policymakers to adopt a broader perspective than hither to agricultural product oriented attitude of rural development. In Thailand, Srisomyong (2010) found out that agritourism operators have revaluated and tried to utilize all their resources to be fully of benefit from the growth of tourism. Some activities were rejuvenated or even invented. A main opportunity for agritourism operators appears to be agritourism brings a market to their site of production. It could also suggest that the significance of agritourism is most agritourism operators are local people. Revenue generated from them tends to be in a community, thus there has a small leakage of income. A study in the state of Haryana (India) has discovered that agritourism help to get employment opportunities, put hoarding on roadsides, sustainability for agriculture proper, various sources of income, help farmers to enhance their knowledge. As it is a new enterprise with less competition it is business activity as compared to traditional farming less land with low productivity can give more returns maintain natural resources as nutrient mining is less and soil conservation is good deforestations should be avoided no pollution problems to environment, improve health and it protects local heritage and culture (Shehrawat, 2009). Furthermore, Joshi and Bhujbal, (2012) in Pune in India have discovered that agritourism as an innovative form of rural tourism, in the context of rural market as it can positively influence regional development through generating large scale employment and additional income sources to the skilled and unskilled. Developing tourism in rural areas increases participation of the poor and brings wider benefits for the whole community. Also, it is a sustainable revenue generating product for rural market via inflowing resources from urban to the rural economy. It can prevent migration of rural people to urban by implementing this specialized form of rural tourism in rural market. According to Murangwa (2010) in India, agritourism is recognized as an essential part in the process of sustaining the economies. Agritourism is a key element of social and environmental responsibility of rural tourism which leads to rural diversification of economy in terms of development of infrastructure such as tourism facilities like restaurants and accommodation, water, electricity, roads, telecommunication and health centers as well as creating occupations in order to increase income of the local community As all these informations are taken into consideration, it can be concluded that agritourism is playing an important role in tourism sector and it has able to contribute for rural development in significant level in many contexts. The developing countries should therefore consider agritourism as emerging form of tourism that would undoubtedly lead to rural development as well as complementing other forms of tourism existing in their countries (Murangwa, 2010). Furthermore, in literature review, it was noted that agritourism is in a position to give better results under the favorable conditions especially where appropriate policies and programs are available. Therefore, suitable strategic plans are essential to minimize the negative impacts and optimize the positive impacts and to reach sustainable development in future. 3. 4. Chapter Summary Rural development is one of the main targets of many countries. Agriculture had been played a significant role in the rural development in the past. However, due to several reasons such as open economic policies and globalization and liberalization of agricultural trade, now agriculture sector of several countries have gone down. Moreover, lots of other problems like high cost of production, low productivity, lack of modern technology, marketing problems are also in the sector. Owing to this situation for a certain period of time, rural development was expected through modernization approach paying emphasis on rural industries. By now, it has failed and a latest rural development is again pay attention highly on agricultural development in a sustainable way. In this background, the main challenges are to find ways and means of save the agriculture sector and get the contribution of it for the rural development as agriculture is the main resource available in rural areas. Many studies have identified agritourism as an important alternative in this regard due to its special characters to rejuiniail the agriculture sector and the rural development. Therefore, research on agritourism and rural development will be important for Sri Lanka as it is an agricultural country.